Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients should avoid which of the following?

• A. Moderate exercise
• B. High-sodium diet
• C. Strenuous exercise and dehydration
• D. Beta-blockers

Answer: (C)

The key idea is that in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract worsens when the heart contracts more strongly and the preload (venous return) is reduced. Strenuous exercise raises heart rate and contractility, while dehydration lowers circulating volume, both of which amplify obstruction and raise the risk of dangerous arrhythmias or sudden death. That combination is exactly what patients are advised to avoid.

Medications like beta-blockers help by slowing the heart rate and reducing contractility, which lessens the obstruction, so they’re not something to avoid. Moderate exercise can be safe under appropriate medical guidance, and staying hydrated is important. A high-sodium diet isn’t the primary concern in this context.